Frequency Domain

Network Analyzers are typically used to measure parameters in the frequency domain. Some of these parameters are: Insertion Loss, Return Loss, Cross Talk (far end or near end), SWR, Phase, Group Delay, Reactive Inductance, Capacitance, Resistance (Impedance), et-cetera. Part one will cover Network Analysis and some of the basics for good measurements. Some Network Analyzers have testing options like Time Domain or Active test sets to name a few. The Time Domain option may be used for time versus magnitude measurements which can be made with Network Analyzers with Time Domain as well as Real Time TDRs.

illustration - microwave network analyzer

What is a Calibration and what kinds are there?
Why do I need one?
What uncertainty is there without a calibration?
What is a Calibration kit and what kinds are there?
What is a Calibration set?What is an Instrument State?
How do I decide which type of calibration to use?
How can I tell if my calibration is valid?
What makes a good termination on my device under test? (D.U.T.)
What does a perfect response look like?
What does it mean?
What does my response mean?
What is realistic?
How can I improve my device?
How can I improve my measurement range?
What kinds of measurements can I make?
What do they mean?
What kinds of things can I measure besides cable?
Formulas and working examples.

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Frequency Domain